@wiki 19004 2007-03-14T17:16:06Z @wiki::16/ 2007-03-14 2007-03-14T17:16:06Z

KOOTTA WAL-HARKAA FUUNA.. Kootta wal-harkaa fuuna Akka ijolee abba duula Nutuu ijolee abba duula. Geerar geerar naan jedhu Yoon geerare maal qaba Eessa kootu mudaa qaba. Qamalee eegeen dalgaa Disoon farda gashitee Ilaalime Abushee Hankee maaf yeroon darba Atiso ilma ashite. Abbayeeko gaariiko Sitti odeesa raajiiko Raajiiko hindhumine kana Haftu hinheerumine kana Deeggo citaa qabaare? Kan ganna haammate malee Deegaan fira qabaare? Kan tattafate malee. Deeggo citaa diimessa Deegni wayya diimessa Nama wayyaan diimate Ijooleen obbo hin jettu Waarissaan isin hin jettu. Allaatiin deega hin nyaattu, foon isaatu ajaahe laata Waarissaan deega hin ammattu, moofaatu ajaahe laata. Deega koo ya farrisaa Tuuri ammaan si fannisa Mukka-arbaa daraaretti Ilma abbaan abaaretti Niitii jirbbii hin foonetti Irisa niitii hin moonetti. Jedheen itti jooreeka Foon maddii na qooreeka. Anoo beeka kormikee Beeka maalaan wallaala Utuun beekuun marmaara Itti beeka ilmi kee. Daldalaa wajjin ganyaa, qirqabaa jabeefachu Cirtuu wajjin gajamoo, cinqaara jabeefachu Qotataa wajjin gindii, dhiittasa jabeefachu. Ergaan dhaladhe hin teenye Bakka garaa koo hin geenye. Ijoolle Oromia, ijoolle biyya keenyaa Kootta wal-bira teenya Marii walii dhageenya Akka abbooli keenya Amma yo mootii mootii Namini niitii ishee mooti Niitiin ijoolee mooti Ijooleen saree mooti Sareen adala mooti Adali hindaaqo mooti Hindaqoon raamo mooti Raamoon goomana mooti Goomani garaa mooti. Amma yo mootii mootii Kilishoon Malix mooti Malix Maxxulle mooti Gorsa Malix fudhatee Dantaa har'aatif jettee Garasheef gowwomfamtee Humna ormatti hirkatte Maxxulleen lammii mooti Roorroon itti jabaatee Lammiin yoo tokko taate

@wiki::15/ 2007-03-14 2007-03-14T17:02:41Z

The following summary information was adopted from the book by Gadaa Melbaa, Khartoum, Sudan 1988. Summary Information Overview The Oromo People Population Language Culture Oromo Calendar Religion The Land The Economy References Summary Information People: Oromo Country: Oromia (also phonetically spelled as Oromiyaa) Area: 600,000 sq.km approx. Capital: Finfinnee (also called Addis Ababa) Population: 30 million (1995 estimate) Language: Oromo, also called Afan Oromo or Oromiffa Economy: Mainly agriculture (coffee, several crops, spices, vegetables) and Animal Husbandry; Mining industry; Tourism trade; Medium and small-scale industries (textiles, refineries, meat packaging, etc) Religion: Waaqqefata (the traditional belief in Waaqa or God), Islam, and Christian (Catholic, Orthodox and Protestant) Overview The Oromo make up a significant portion of the population occupying the Horn of Africa. In the Ethiopian Empire alone, Oromo constitute about 30 million of the 55 million inhabitants of the Ethiopian Empire. In fact, Oromo is one of the most numerous nations in Africa which enjoys a homogeneous culture and shares a common language, history and descent and once shared common political, religious and legal institutions. During their long history, the Oromo developed their own cultural, social and political system known as the Gadaa system. It is a uniquely democratic political and social institution that governed the life of every individual in the society from birth to death. Ecologically and agriculturally Oromia (Oromo country) is the richest region in the Horn of Africa. Livestock products, coffee, oil seeds, spices, mineral resources and wild life are all diverse and abundant. In spite of all these advantages, a century of colonisation by Abyssinia (Ethiopia), a backward nation itself, has meant that the Oromo people have endured a stagnant existence where ignorance and famine have been coupled with ruthless oppression, subjugation, exploitation and above all, extermination. Thus for the last one hundred years under the Ethiopian rule, the Oromo have gained very little, if anything, in the way of political, social and economic progress. The Oromo were colonised during the last quarter of the nineteenth century by a black African nation - Abyssinia - with the help of the European colonial powers of the day. During the same period, of course, the Somalis, Kenyans, Sudanese and others were colonised by European powers. The fact that the Oromo were colonised by black African nation makes their case quite special. During the process of colonisation, between 1870 and 1900, the Oromo population was reduced from ten to five millions. This period coincides with the occupation of Oromo land by the Abyssinian emperors Yohannes and Menilek. After colonisation, these emperors and their successors continued to treat Oromo with utmost cruelty. Many were killed by the colonial army and settlers, others died of famine and epidemics of various diseases or were sold off as slaves. Those who remained on the land were reduced to the status of gabbar (a peasant from whom labour and produce is exacted and is a crude form of serfdom). Haile Selassie consolidated Yohannes and Meni

@wiki::14/ 2007-03-14 2007-03-14T16:35:29Z

Dhugaasaa D. Gobanaa irra Anniisaa Oromoo yaa Oromummaa, Aadaa tokkummaa akkaataa yaadaa, Ibsituu seenaa hundee sabbonummaa, Raagaa bilisummaa wabii birmadummaa, Madda eenyummaa kan hidda dhiigaa, Mallattoon kee maali, maaltu si ibsaa? Afaan Oromummaa maaliin dubbannee? Sammuu Oromummaan akkammiin yaadnee? Ija dubbii fi cuunfaa akkammiin himnee? Cubbuu fi safuu Oromoo akkammiin egnee? Qomoon Oromoo hundi waltanee, Akkammiin ha boonyuu gaafa gaddinee? Akkammiin ha cooknuu gaafa gammadnee? Anniisaa Oromummaa yaa guraamalee, Yaada moo yookiin kuusaa amantee? Maaltu si ibsaa, ati maaliree? Kutaan moo gandaan maaliin si waamnu? Achii dhufaan kee essa siin jedhnu? Madda Walabuu moo Qellam jiraattaa? Gama warra Hiluu moo Gursuumiin bobbataa? Yoo aduun dhiitu eessa qubattaa? Gama Moccaa moo gandaa Walbaraa? Amboo moo baabillee bishaan maal dhugdaa? Bunnoo Baddallee kan Iluabbaboraaf Jimmaa, Noonnoo moo Woborraa Buna eessaa dhugdaa? Dhaangaankee maali kan ittiin bultuu? Kafannikee maali kan si bareechuu? Raga Oromummaa maalumaan ibsuu? Gaafilee hedduu maaltu deebisaa? Haa caqasnuu laata dhaadhanoo sabaa, Kan saba Oromoo kan sirna abba Gadaa. Afaan Oromoo ibsa Oromummaa, Aadaan Oromoo madda Oromummaa, Seenaan Oromoo hundee Sabboonummaa, Rakkoon Oromoo sirna garbummaa, Kaayyoon Oromoo galiin Bilisummaa, Yaa Biyya Oromoo sabnikee gootaa, Gurraacha, diimaa adiin dhaadhataa, Tokkummaan Oromoo wabii birmadummaa, Lammirra kan hafee eenyu waliif dhiigaa? Qomoo Oromooti jinfuun Oromummaa, Yaa guraamalee siida Oromummaa, Xaxxee si hiitus sirni garbummaa, Siif waregamna halkaniif guyyaa, Anniisaa Oromummaan ni bilisoomtaa! Qabsoo Oromoo kan nuu finiinsu, Mirga-uumaa namaaf kan kabaja kennu, Sirna walqixxummaan kan utubamuu, Hawaasa Oromoo kan nuu gurmeessu, Qabeenya Oromoo kan nuu mijjeessu, Gamtaa jireenyaa kan nuuf misoomsu, Siida Oromumma maaliin haawaamnu? Seera uuma namaa inni hangafaa, Kan gargar nu baasu uuma kaan irraa, Dandeetti yaadaati waan hunda caalaa, Yaaduu danda'uun garuu qobaasaa, Utuubaa hin ta'u kan sabboonummaa. Saba Oromoof daandii yaadaa dhunfaa, Kan gargar nu baasuu saba kaan irra Marsinee teenyee gaaddisa Odaa, Yoo tilmaamanu galii Bilisummaa, Handhuura dubbii murtii isa cunfaa, Beekkumsa Oromooti ibsaan duukkanaa! Beekumsa Oromoo kan finna qabuu, Guudina dalagaan kan nu gabbisuu, Gabbina kuusamee kan nu ball'isuu, Ball'ina har'aati badhaadhiinni boruu, Badhaadhan malee hormaanni hin jiruu, Hormaataan malee maliin dagaaguu, Dagaagan malee maliin dagaa-hooruu, Dagaa-hooran ebba lammiif guumachuu, Gumaata lammiin mirga dhunfatuu! Beekkumsa Oromoo siida Oromummaa, Haqalbeffannu jechaa ofittuumaa. Ofittuumaan seera kan uuma namaa, Hintaatu garu hidda sabboonummaa, Madda eenyummaa kan birmadummaa, Kan onnee tuqee kan nu raasu garaa, Hundee birmadummaa dhaadhannoo Sabaa, Hundiinu tokkoof tokkoos kan hundaa! Qomoon Oromoo walirratti duunaa! Tokkummaan Oromoo siida Oromummaa! Mirga ilma namaa Qoosaa godhatee? Xobbee ajjesee Oromummaa tuqee! Sirna garbummaati kan nu takaalee, Qacceen hin iyyu qincabbii malee, Qoosaan hin jiru erga lammiin dhumee, Qomoo Oromoo yoomiif tenyaree? Jedhee lammiin boonyaan diinni nuti qoosee. Qomoo Oromoo dhaagessuu dhaamsa, Qondalli dhumuun hegereef gorsa, Qacceen Oromoo qincaabbiin meqaa? Qalissa xiqqatti yoo iyyaan qobaa, Qabxiin hirmachuun dalagaaf tolaa, Yoo deeman garu daandii Bilisummaa, Adeemsa seena kan mirga-uumaa, Kan dhuma hinqabnee jatanii sabaa, Kuufani kaa'uuf halkaaniif guyyaa, Kan hamilee jabessu akka buurrusaa, Harkisan hin cittu funyoon sibilaa, Haaqalbefannu jechaaf makmaksa, "Wasaasa tafkii qomootuu gumachaa", Tokkummaan Oromoo siida Oromummaa! Aadaa halagaa kan nu cunqursuu, Irkoo godhanee yoo feene deemuu, Qabsoon Oromoo fiixaan hin bawuu, Caasaa Oromummaan haa gurmeffamnuu! Caasaa Oromummaa eenyu nuu ibsaa? Booranaaf Bareentuun maal yaadu laata? Murtii Odaa Garres Bultuum nuu ibsaa? Arsiif Walloon maaliin walguumachaa? Kan Odaa Roobaa Makoodiin tuumsaa? Maccaaf Tuulaamni maaliin dhaadhataa? Kan Odaa Bisil Nabeen faarsataa? Abdiin hegeree wabiin Bilisummaa, Sapheera Oromoo siida Oromummaa, Edoo bu'uu qabuu caasaa gabrummaa. Akkaataa yaadaa hundee Oromummaa, Hawaasa Oromoo hayyuun walgorsaa, Qabsoon Oromoo adeemsa seenaa, Akka finiinuuf halkaani fi guyyaa, Yoo qomoo malee halagaan diinaa, Nama nama ajjeese gumaan ararsaa, Tokkummaan Oromoo siida Oromummaa! Waltaanee haa deemnu daandii Bilisummaa, Lammi dhageessuu dhaamsa Oromummaa!! Yaa Biyya gootaa harmee Oromiyaa, Akkaataan yaadaa hundee Oromummaa, Hundiinu tokkoof tokkoos kan hundaa, Tokkummaan demnee daandii Bilisummaa, Anniisaa Oromummaan ni bilisoomtaa!

@wiki::13/ 2007-03-14 2007-03-14T16:25:28Z

Elema Boru and Borana Milk Containers Elema is a Borana woman who currently lives in Dolollo Makaala, located about 20 kilometers south of the town of Mega in southern Ethiopia. The Borana are a pastoral people living in adjacent areas of southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya. They speak a southern dialect of the Oromo language. Despite having strong affinities with other Oromo groups, the Borana still regard themselves as a unique people. Their autonomous ethnic identity is expressed in various ways and contexts, including the distinct style of their milk containers. During interviews with Elema and other Borana women, inquiries about the origins of various container designs were often answered with references to aada--the idea of cultural heritage, traditions that are passed from generation to generation. Woven container making among the Borana is a woman's activity that is passed from mother to daughter. All Borana women are expected to know how to make woven milk containers like gorfa and chicho. In contrast, wood carving is a specialized skill, and the production of wood containers is usually practiced by only a few men in a community. The significance of woven milk containers and their ritual uses reveals the importance given to woman-made containers. Milk containers themselves are vital objects in Borana culture. The milk that they hold is a symbol of abundance. The container's symbolic meaning stems from its structure. When a girl marries, she makes two plaits in her hair; when she becomes pregnant, all of her hair is plaited. Plaiting hair is equated to weaving a fiber milk container. It is something only women are allowed to do. These acts suggest that in Borana society, weaving is associated with fertility. The container and the milk thus symbolize the ideal combination of abundance and fertility, two fundamental requirements for the reproduction and prosperity of the group. The physical reproduction of a man (and the continuity of the community) primarily depends on his wife's fertility; a man's marriage, the social setting for reproduction, depends on objects made by women. As Elema says, "there cannot be any marriage without a chicho and there cannot be any reproduction without woven milk containers." That is why every woman must be able to make milk containers. Woven milk containers represent her fertility; they are round, full of milk and nourishment, "just like a pregnant woman's belly." The woman's womb contains a life that will sustain the social continuity of her husband and family. At first glance, Borana milk containers might appear very similar if not identical. But not all woven milk containers are alike-in fact, because they are each handmade they are all different and there is a good deal of room for innovation. A woman may experiment; she may use new materials, alter the proportions or profile of a container, or introduce new surface treatments. If accepted and copied by others, such a creative act by an individual may be integrated into the tradition and thus become aada Borana-part of the Borana heritage. Various vegetal fibers and techniques are used to produce the different types of woven containers. The chicho is smaller than the gorfa. Its beauty lies in its symmetry and its simple but elegant elliptical profile. The surface texture of both containers is enhanced by the integration of a vertically oriented raised design called obriis. Elema was proud to note that most women know how to make only one type of obriis design, but she uses up to five when weaving containers. Cowries are often used to decorate gorfa but are never attached to chicho. Chicho and gorfa both have round bottoms and they are not meant to stand upright by themselves. A sepan, or holder, made out of leather straps is used to carry the container and to suspend it from the wall of the house. Women produce woven containers and men carve wood containers. Both types of containers may serve the same utilitarian function but they are used in different social settings. There also are containers that have both wood and basketry components and therefore require the work of both a man and a woman, usually a husband and wife or at least members of the family living in the same household. Such containers reflect a fundamental element of Borana society: there is a healthy interdependence existing between the sexes and this is manifest in the complementary roles men and women perform in their families and communities.

@wiki::12/ 2007-03-14 2007-03-14T16:16:15Z

Sirna gadaa Hamma kiyyoo kolonii jala hin seeniniti Oromoon sirna ittiin bulan kan mataa isaanii qabau turan. Maqaan sirna kanaas Gadaa jedhama. Sirni kuniis bal'aa ture. Dhimma jireenya ummata Oromoo fuula hundaan kan ilaalu sirna siyaasa, aada diinagdeefi amantiiti. Sirna hawaasaa guutuu ture jechuudha. Sirni Gadaa sirnaafi seera Oromoonni ittiin walbulchu, kan duulee roorroo ofirraa ittisu, kan dinagdee isaa ittiin tikfatuufi dagaagfatu, akkaata inni itti waliin jiraatuufi kan hawwiin dhala Oromoo cufa ittiin guutu ture. Sirn kun haala Oromoonni tokkummaan isaanii laaffate kan itti roorrisaa turan Habashaafi Affaar ofirraa deebisuu dadhabe keessatti, haala hawaasaa ilaalerraa, jaarraa 14ffaa keessa biqiluu jalqabee suuta guddatee deeme. Oromoota sirna akkasii jalatti qindeessuudhaaf yeroo dheeraa fudhate. Oromoota gosatti hiraman walitti fidanii sirna tokko jalatti walitti qabuun kufaatiifi kauumsaa yeroo dheeraa gaafate. Gara walakkaa jaarraa 15faa isa lammaffaa keessa sirna gutuun argamuu dandaye. Akkaata himamsa aadaa Boorana kibbaa keessatti yeroon itti Gadaan dhaabbate kanumaan walkipha. Akka mangoddoonni Booranaa himanitti Gadaa jaaruuf yaalii dheeraan eega godhame booda, Gadaan yeroo dheeraaf bifa hojechuu dandayu dhaabbate. Gadaa kanatti Abbaan Gadaa Gadayyoo Galgaloo ture. Raabni isaa (yeroosii) Yaayyaa Gulleelee jedhama ture. Eega gaafasii jalqabee Booranni Abbootii Gadaa 61 lakkaawa. Kanarraa waggaa saddeet saddeetiin yoo herrgne (Gadaan tokko waggaa 8) 61X8 = 488 taha. Eega Gadaan ijaarame, akka himamsa manguddootti Booranatti waggaa 488 taha jechuudha. Barri isaa 1499tti dhihaata. Kanaaf, sirni kun ijaaramuun isaa walakkaa jaarraa 15ffaa isa lammaffaa keessa kan jedhame dhugaa taha. Sirna Gadaa keessatti wanni hundi gadaan walilaala. Lakkooysi yeroo, aadaan, amantiin, jireenyi hawaasaa, ittisi biyyaafi kkf hundi hidhata Gadaa qabu, fakkeenyaaf sadarkaalee Gadaa, goggeessa Gadaa, abaluu abaluu..jiru. kun, eegaa Gadaan sirna kabajamaafi guutuu akka ture mirkanessa. Bara itti Gadaan sirna gutuu ture sana akka silaa tahutti galmeessuun hindandaymane. Hammi galmeeyfame baayee yaraadha. Sana keessaahillee irra guddaan kan baroota dhihooti. Waaeen isaa hammi beekamu baayee yaraadha. Guddinaan odeeffannoon argaman oduu afaaniin kan daddabraniidha. Isaaniis bakka bakkati garagar tahu. Sunillee Gadaan Caffe Caffetti deebiuu haa agarsiisu malee, tokkummaa sirna kanaaf ragaa kan tahu haftee sirna kan Gadaa Booranaa haraalee haga taheefuu hojjataa jiruudha. Kanaaf, waaee sirna Gadaarratti hangi hubatame xiqqaadha. Waliigalatti sirna kana caalatti hubachuudhaaf qormaata cimaa sirna Gadaa kan mulisan armaan gaditti ilaalla. uunkaa jereenya hawaasaa siyaasaa sirna Gadaa aadaa sirna gadaa amantii sirna gadaa Uunkaa jireenya hawaasaa Hawaasa keessatti dhalli namaa kophaa hinjiraatu. Kophaas hindalagu. Namoota biraa wajji jiraata, hojjataas. Jireenyi dhala namaa walitti hidhaataadha. Hawaasa Oromoo bara Gadaa keessaa yoo fudhannee akkaataa jiruufii jireenya Oromoo, akkaataa qoodama dalagaa, hariiroo ummanni Oromoo hawaasa keessatti waliinqabau, sirna Gadaa keessatti qaama tokko. Akkaataan polotikaa sirnichaas uunkaa jireenyya hawaasa Oromootti hidhamee jira. Uunkaa jireenya hawaasa sirna Gadaa keessaa hubachuuf waan kanaa gadii hubachuun barbaachisaadha. Suniis: Goggeessa Gadaa (Miseensaa) fi Marsaa Gadaa Hiriyyaa Ilmaan jaarsaafii ilmaan Kormaa Sadarkaalee Gadaafi Murnoota Gadaa Gaggeessa Gadaa(miseensa) fi Marsaa Gadaa: Gadaan tokko waggaa saddeet qaba. Waggaa saddeettan waliin GADAA TOKKOTTI YEROO ITTI AANGOON polotikaa warra Gadaa tokko harka jiraatuudha. Kanaaf, Gadaan waggaa saddeet saddeetiin lakkaawama. Waljijjiiraas. Waggaan saddeettan Gadaa tokko maqaa mataa isaa qabaata. Gadaa tokkicha maqaa adda addaa qabaatu. Kun Goggeessa Gadaa ykn miseensa jedhamee waamama. Kun hawaasa Oromoo keessaa, bakka gargaraatti maqaa adda addaa qabata. Jechuun:- Boorana keessatti- Goggeessa Gadaa jedhama.Tuulama keessatti- Miseensa jedhama.Arsii keessatti- Miseensa jedhama.Gujii keessatti-Baallii jedhama. Ituu keessatti-Miseensa jedhama. Qormaata Gadaa Oromoo bakka bakkaarratti godhameen lakkooysi Goggeessa gadaa bakka heddutti shan. Kan kanarraa adda tahees nijiraa. Fakkeenyaaf Boorana keessatti Goggeessa Gadaa torba qabaatu jira. Maqaan isaaniifi tartiibni isaaniia kopha kophaafi beekamaadha. Hoggaa Goggeessi Gadaa jiran tartiibaan deemanii raawatan gara isa jalqabaatti deebiuudhaan marsaa tokko tahu. Goggeessi Gadaa tokko bakka heddutti waggaa 40 booda malee, hin deebiu. Fakkeenyaaf Ituu keessatti Goggeessi Gadaa (missensi) jiran, Hormaata, Sabbaaqa, Dibbeessa, Fadataafi Daraaraadha. Kanneen tariiba maqaa Gadaawwan waggaa saddeet saddeetiin deeman tahanii Daraaraan gaafa raawate Hormaatatti deebia jechuudha. Yeroon kun itti raawatee deebiee marsuuf naannawuu marsaa Gadaa tokko taha. Marsaan Gadaa tokkoo waggaa 40 qabaata. Goggeessi Gadaa shanan, walitti marsaa Gadaa shanan jalqabarraa kaanii tartiibaan deemanii xumuramanii marsuuf gara isa jalqabaatti kan deebian kun "marsaa Gadaa(Gadaa cycle)" jedhama.Yeroo idiletti laalamu jireenya nam tokkoo keessatti, Marsaa Gadaa lamaatu jira. Isaaniis, Marsaan duraa Gadaa abbaa yeroo tahu, inni lammaffaa Gadaa ilmaati. Ilmi Marsaa tokko fixee, Gadaan isaa kan abbaa tahe, kan itti aanu kan ilmaan isaa taha jechuudha. Akkuma kanatti itti fufee dabra.Eega, bakka heddutti Marsaan Gadaa waggaa 40 akka qabaatu olitti ilaalleerra. Arsii keessatti miseensi Gadaa tokko waggaa 16 waan qabuuf kanarraa adda. Kanarraa Marsaan Gadaa Arsii keessatti waggaa 80 taha jechuudha.dagaagina keessaa Gadaan eega Caffetti qoodamee, as lakkooysifi maqaan Goggeessota Gadaa Marsaa Gadaa tokko keessa jiranii bakka adda addaa tahuun mulateera. Kanaas, qabsiisuuf armaa gaditti mee haa ilaallu. Maqaan Goggeessota Gadaa bakka garagaraatti:- Goggeessa Gadaafi Marsaan Gadaa waan hiriyymummaafi aangoo polotika ilaaluun hariiroo murteessa qabu. Sanaas bal'inaan booda laalla. B. Hiriyyaa:- Hiriyyaan warra goggeessi Gadaa isaanii tokko taheedha. Kana jechuuniis hawaasa Oormoo keessatti warrii waggaa Gadaa keessatti dhalatan hundiifi kan maqaan Goggeessa Gadaa isaanii yoo dulloomoo tahanillee wal'irraa bu'ee yookaa tokko tahee hiriyyaadha. Ijoolleen waggaa Gadaa 1-8 jidduufi gaheeyyiin waggaa Gadaa 45-56 jidduu yoo Goggeessi Gadaa isaanii tokko tahe hiriyyaa tokko jedhamu. Marsaan Gadaa naannawutti walitti fidee ijoolleefi jaarsoolii hiriyyaa taasisaa. Marsaan Gadaafi Goggeessi Gadaa akkanatti hiriyyummaa murteessu. Hawaasa Oromoo keessatti hiriyyaan akka obbaleeyyaniitti wal'ilaalu. Ayyaana gurguddaafi beekamoorratti hiriyyaan wal argee waliin turuudhaan walfaarsa. Jaalalti walii, walamanuun, waliif dhimmuun, walgargaaruun&kkf hiriyyaa biratti jabaadha. Aangoo polotikaa keessatti paartii tokko tahu. Kanaf, hiriyyummaan karaa hawaassfi polotikaa Oromootaa walitti hidhuudha. Waa'een hiriyyaa hoggaa akkas tahu, ijoolleefi ga'eessoota maaltu walitti fidee hiriyyaa godha? Gaaffiin jedhu ka'uun nimala. Gaaffi kana deebisuuf, nama Goggeessa Gadaa isaatiin Gadaa keenya jedha. Gadaa isaa faarsa, kabaja. Kanarraa akka ilaalcha polotikaa baraatti hubachuuf waan Paartii ilaaluun gaarii taha. Hawaasa keessatti paartiileen uumamtu turan jechuudha. Goggeessi Gadaa shanan paartiilee shan kan ijoolleefii manguddoota hiriyyaa godhuus paartii tokkicha waliin qabaachuudha. c. Ilmaan kormaafi Ilmaan jaarsaa: sirna Gadaa keessatti Ilmaan kormaafi Ilmaan Jaarsaa qoodameef beekama. Kan hawaasa bakka lamatti qooduudha. Kun jireenya hawaasa Oromoo bara sirna Gadaa keesaatti akkaataa Qabannoo aangoo polotikaa kan murteessuudha. Warra aangoo polotikaa qabachuuf deemaniifi kanatti hawasa qooda. Kuniis, waggaa Gadaa wajjiin walitti hidhataadha. Carraan aangoo polotikaa keessaa qooda qabaachuufi dhiisuun isaa yeroo itti dhalaterratti hundeeyfama. Kanaaniis ilmaan Oromoo yeroo dhalatanirraa kaasee ilmaan kormaafi ilmaan Jaarsaatti qoodamu. Akkaataan qoodamaa kuniis, seera umamaa kan hordofu qaba.Ijoolleen Abbootiin isaanii sadarkaalee Gadaa keessa seenanii yeroo isaan aangoo polotikaa qabachuttii dhihaatan ykn qabatan (gadooma keessa) dhalatan " ilmaan kormaa" jedhamu. Isaaniis, bara Gadooma abbootii isaanii keessa (waggaa 40 abbootii isaanii eeganii) kan dhalatan waan tahaniif sadarkaa Gadaa keessa seenuudhaan miseensa paartii tahuu dandayan. Kanaaf aangoo polotikaa keessaa qooda fudhachuu dandayu.Ilmaan Gadooma abbootii isaanii (aangoo polotikaa qabachuu) dura ykn booda dhalataniifi abbootiin sadarkaalee Gadaa seenuu hindandeenyerraa dhalatan hundi "ilmaan jaarsaa" jedhamu. Ilman jaarsaa warra sadarkaalee Gadaa seenanii miseensa paartii tahuu hindandeenyedha. Kanaafiis aangoo polotikaa keessaa warraa qooda fudhachuu hin dandeenyeedha. Ilmaan jaarsaa warra waliin dhalatan hundaan hiriyyaa tahuu dandayu, jechuun ilmaan kormaa wajjiinillee hiriyyaa walii tahuu dandayu. Eega, hawaasa keessatti Gadoomuuf carraa kan qaban ilmaan kormaa thuu hubanne. Ilmaan kormaa gaafa dhalatanirraa kaasee sadarkaalee Gadaa seenanii akkuma gudachaa deemaniin dalagaa garagaraarratti dirqama polotikaafiis qophaawan. Kun dirqama isaaniiti. Ilmaan jaarsaa garuu, waa'een waan qoratamuufi baratamu hundaaf dirqamuun yoo hawaasicha keessa jiraachuu dandayuuf tahe malee, itti hin dirqaman. Ilmaan Oromoo akkanatti qoodamuun bakka heddutti mul'ate. Gadaa Boorana, Maccaa, Tuulamaafii Gujii keessatti qoodamni kun jira. Qoodamni yoo hinjiraanne tarii Gadaa Arsii, Ituufi Humbanna keessatii tahuu hin'oolu. d. Sadarkaalee Gadaafi Murnoota Gadaa: Akkaataa waggaa dhalootaatiin gurmuu ykn murni ilmaan kormaa tartiibaan keessa dabran sadarkaa Gadaa jedhama. Sadarkaan Gadaa maqaa gurmuu waggaa dhaloota ilmaan kormaati jechuudha. Gurmuu kanaan akkaataan jiruufi jireenya dhala Oromoo hundaatu keessatti murtaawa. Ilmaan kormaatu kormaatu keessa daddabran yoo tahellee, jirenya dhala Oromoo karaa polotikaa, amanti, aadaa, dinagdeefi waraanaafi kkf keessatti kan ilaalu addatti maqaa haaqabaatan malee akkaataan guddinaa, dalagaafii jireenyaa, kan ilmaan Jaarsaa wajjiin tokkuma. Karaa polotikaatiin garuu, garaagarummaa guddaatu jira. Tahullee sadarkaaleen Gadaa jiruuf jireenya dhala Oromoo mara calaqqisiisa. Sadarkaalee Gadaa garagaraakeessatti ilmaan Oromoo dirqama (dalagaa) adda addaatu isa eeggata. Yeroon isaas osoo hin gahinnillee waan beekamuuf sadarkaa itti aanuuf isa qopheessaa ture.Sadarkaa Gadaa tokko waggaa saddeet qaba. Waggaa saddeet saddeettan kanaan namni Oromoo hamma gaafa dulloomee du'utti hawaasa keessatti bakkafi qoodama dalagaa qabaata. Sadarkaaleen Gadaa ilmaan kormaa keessa dabran bakka gariitti amala addaa yoo qabaatanillee waliigalatti akka armaa gadiitti keenya. 1. Dabballooma waggaa 0-8 2. Gaammoma waggaa 9- 163. Dargaggooma waggaa 17- 244. Kuusoma waggaa 25- 325. Raaboma waggaa 33 - 406. Gadooma waggaa 41- 48 7. Yubooma waggaa 49- 56 Gadaa Tuulamaa keessatti Gadoomni waggaa 32 - 40 gidduutii waan taheef kana yaadachiisuun barbaachisaadha. Armaa gaditti sadarkaalee Gadaa jiraniifi murnoota Gadaa isaanii laalla. Dabballooma Kun jecha dabballee jedhamu kan Gadaa Booranaarraa fudhatameedha. Ijoolleen dhiiraa Gadooma abbaa isaanii keessatti dhalatan Dabballee jedhamanii yaamaman. Ijoolleen kun waggaa saddeet hamma fixaanitti Dabballetti beekamu, Boorana keessatti Dabballee haa jedhaman malee, bakka biraatti maqaa biraa qabu. Fakkeenyyaaf: Tuulam keessatti - Itti makoo jedhamu. Ituu keessatti - maxxarrii jedhamu. Gujii keessatti- Suluda jedhamu. Sadarkaan Gadaa kun bakkayyuu waan jiruuf walitti qabatti Dabballoota jechuun hin badu. Dabballoomanii sadarkaa Gadaa isa dura ilmaan kormaa akka dhalataniin itti seenaniidha. Sadarkaa Gadaa kanatti ijoolleen hojii beekamaa hinqaban. Naannoo qa'ee turanii toohannoofi tajaajila guddaadhaan guddatan. Ilmaan kormaa sadarkaa kana: Boorana keessatti ilmaan Dooriiwwaniifi warra Gadaati. Tuulam keessatti Foollee jedhama. 2. Gaammoma:-jechi kun sadarkaa Gadaa Boornaa keessaa maqaa gaammee jedhamurraa kan fudhatameedha. Ilmaan kormaa sadrakaa Dabballoomaa fixan Gaammotti dabru. Waggaa 8 - 16tti akkaataa itti rifeensii isaanii qoramurraa yoo jedhame dhugaadharraa hin fagaatu. Ijoolleen dhiiraa sadarkaa Gammomaarra jiran: Booran keessatti - Gaammee xixiqqoo jedhamu. Tuulama keessatti - Dabballee jedhamu. Gujii keessatti - Dabballee jedhamu. Ituu keessatti - Ruuboo jedhamu. Gaammoonni sadarkaa Gadaa yeroo itti ijoolleen jabbiilee tiksan, hojii warraarratti gargaaraniifi loon tiksaniidha. Dalagaa kanaafi kana fakkaatanitti haa bobbahan malee, sadarkaa kanatti tohannoo warraa ala hin bahan. Yeroo kanatti taphatanii caalatti walbaruu jalqabu. Dargaggooma Yeroo kana kan itti dargaggooman waan taheef, sadarkaa Gadaa kanaas bakka gargaraatti maqaa garagaraa waan qabuuf sadarkaa kanaan, Dargaggooma jedhama. Ilmaan kormaa sadarkaa lammaffaa fixanii waggaa 16 - 24 jidduu: Booran keessatti - Gaammee Gurguddaa jedhamu Tuulam keessatti - Foollee jedhamu. Gujii keessatti - kuusa jedhamu. Ituu keessatti - Goobam jedhamu. Dargaggoomni sadarkaa itti namichi toohannoo warraarraa hillee walaba tahaa deemuufi warrarraa fgaatee soch'auu dandayuudha. Akkasumas, yeroo itti jabina, beekumsafi jagnummaa ofii mul'isuu jalqaabniidha. Jiruu dhufataa deemuudhaan yeroo itti ofdandayutti tarkaanfataniidha. Hawaasichaa bu'aa buusuufiis kan keessatti ofqophessu. Dalagaarratti bobbahanii, loon fagaatanii bobbaasuu, ol'aantoota isaanii wajjiin deddeemuu, adamoo bahuufi bineessoota loonirraa ittisuudha. 4. kuusomakuusomni sadrkaa loltummaati. Naannoo garagaraatti ilmaan kormaa sadrkaa kanaa adda addaa qabaatanillee Booran keessatti kuusa waan jedhamaniif kanarraa fudhannee kuusoma ittiin jenne.Murni kun:- Boorna keessatti - Kuusa jedhama. Tuulama keessatti - Qondaala jedhama. Gujii keessatti - Raaba jedhama. Ituu keessatti Raaba jedhama. Hawaasa Oromoo bara sirna gadaa keessatti, kun murna lolu ture. Waggaa 25 - 32 jidduu kan tahan dirqama loltummaa qabu. Namuu roorroo biyyarra geesse ittisuuf waan ittiin lolu- xiyyaas tahee, eeboofii gaachana mataa isaatii qopheeyfatee farda lolaas qabaate taha. Lolli argamnaan akka dhagayeen qophaawee walgurmeessee duula. Kanatti dabalee waan dhimma biyyaa ilaalan yeroo kanaa kaasee qorachuu dandaya. Sadarkaan kun, Tuulamaafi Ituu keessatti yeroo itti ilmaan kormaa aangoo qabachuuf ofqophessan, sadarkaa 4ffaa tahuudhaanifi dirqama loltummaa qabaachuudhaan tokko yoo tahan kaanirraa kanaan adda bahu. Doorama Bakka heddutti sadarkaa itti aangoo qabachuudhaaf ilmaan kormaa qophii barbaachisaa godhaniidha. Yeroo kana keessatti dhimma biyya, bulchiinsa, sera, aadaa, amantiifi seena dabre baratu. Waa'ee sirna Gadaa caalatti hubachuu dandayu. Haalli isaanii warra biyya bulchuu ykn qondaaloota Gadaa wajjiin walitti hidhataadha. Bakka warrii Gadaa itti murtii seeraa kennan, dubbii gosaa ilaalanfi marii godhanitti argamanii irraa baratu. Bakka aadaafi amantiitti argamanii sirna qalbifatu. Caffee yaa'ii Gadaarratti argamanii murtii kennuudhaan hojiidhaan ofqaru. Hayyoonniifi manguddoonni biyyaarraa qoratanii barachuudhaan beekumsa isaanii bal'ifatu. Biyya keessa sossohanii ummataan walbaruu, akkanatti aangoo polotikaaf ofqopheessu jechuudha.Sadarkaan kun, Tuulamafi Ituu keessatti isa afraffaadha. Ilma kormaa sadarkaa kanaa, akkamu asii olitti kaa'ametti Tuulama keessatti qondaala, Ituu keessatti Raba jedhamu. Sadarkaan Gadooma isaanii waggaa 32- 40 jiddutti waan tahaniif, isaan keessatti dalagaa akkanaa (doorama) kan qaban wagaa 23-32 jidduutti kan jiran Tuulama keessatti Qondaala, Ituu keessatti Raaba, akkanatti ofqopheessu.Boranaafi Gujii keessatti ammoo, yeroon aangoon qabanna tartiibaan waggaa 45-53ttifi waggaa 40-48tti waan taheef, yeroon itti aangoof ofqopheessan kun waggaa Gadaa 32-40 jiddutti taha. Arsii kessattiis akkanuma.Sadarkaa Dooramaa Booranaa keessatti iddoo lamatti qoodama. Isaniis Raabamaafi Doorama tahu. Raaboonni yeroo itti ilmaan kormaa Raaba tahan jedhamu, waggaa 32-40 jiddutti. Waggaa 41-45tti Doorama jedhama. Inniniis yeroo itti ilmaan kormaa Doorii jedhamaniidha. Kanaaf, sadarkaadhaan bakka itti garaagarummaan jiru tokko kana taha. Kuniis kan mul'ateef dagaagina sirni Gadaa arge keessatti jijjiiramni waan argameefi. Yoo sadarkaa kana ilaalle ilmaan kormaa sadarkaa shanaffaatti (waggaa 32-40 jiuddutti) Tuulama keessatti- Luba jedhama. Ituu keessatti - Doorii (Raaba-dorii) jedhamu. Boorana keessatti - Raaba dorii jedhamu. Gujii keessatti - Doorii jedhamu. Idileen sadarkaa kanatti kan ilaalle garuu, Dooramni qophii aangoo qabachuuf godhamuudha. 6. Gadoomasadarkaa itti ilmaan kormaa aangoo polotikaa qabataniidha. Yeroo itti warri Gadaan isaanii geessee biyya bulchan, seera ilaalan, dubbii Gosaa furaniidha. Sadarkaa Gadaa kun Tuulamafi Ituu keessatti isa shannaffaadha. Boorana, Gujiifi Arsii keessatti ammoo, isa jahaffaadha. Ilmaan kormaa sadarkaa Gadooma Booranaafi Gujii keessatti Gadaa; Tuulamafi Ituu keessatti Luba. Ituu keessatti Raaba doorii jedhamu. Yeroo Gadoomaa: Tuulama keessatti - waggaa 32-40tti Ituu keessatti - waggaa Gadaa 32-40tti Boorana keessatti - waggaa Gadaa 45-54tti Gujii keessatti - waggaa Gadaa 40-48tti Arsii keessatti - waggaa Gadaa 40-48tti taha Bakka heddutti Gadooma keessatti ilmaan kormaa martinuu sadarkaa Gadaa keessaa hamma guutuu biyyatti dhibdee polotikaa, dinagdee, hawaasafi waraanaa cufa furuuf itti gaafatama qaba. 7. YuboomaSadarkaa gadaa, murni itti aangoo Gadaarra ture aangoo eega gadi dhiisee itti dabruudha. Gadaa jaarsummaa ykn manguddummaati. Sadarkaa kana keessatti ilmaan kormaa akka hangafaatti ilaalamu. Dalagaan isaanii warra Gadooman gorsuu, qacheelchuu, maandhaa isaanii kan tahan gorsuu, leenjisuufi barsiisuudha. Gara boodaatti hojiirraa walaboomanii ta'anii sadarkaa itti aangoo dhiisanii soorama seenaa kana keessa kan jiran (kan Yubooma) boorana keessatti - yubaafi booda Gadamoojji Tuulam keessatti Yuba Ituu keessatti Lubajedhamu.

@wiki::1/ 2007-03-14 2007-03-14T12:35:08Z

Wiki is a type of websites. You can edit wiki pages easily. You can edit the content with WYSIWYG(HTML)-mode or TEXT-mode or WIKI-mode You can change web site style , If SignIn on page top right bottun. Page Lock is signin user only. Lock-@id is @id user only editable. Lock-admin is admin only editable.

@wiki::2/ 2007-03-14 2007-03-14T10:14:14Z

==menu== * [[FrontPage]] * [[Menu]] ---- ==recent list 20 == @@recent(20)@@ ----

@wiki::3/ 2007-03-14 2007-03-14T10:14:14Z

==showrss plugin test with wiki-mode== **showrss plugin** is __listing your interesting rss.__ ===Example=== ----- **@@showrss(http://rss.slashdot.org/Slashdot/slashdot)@@** is @@showrss( http://rss.slashdot.org/Slashdot/slashdot )@@

@wiki::4/ 2007-03-14 2007-03-14T10:14:14Z

==comment plugin test (above) with wiki-mode== **comment plugin** is __creating comment-form with wiki.__ Example) **@@comment(above)@@** is ------- @@comment(above)@@

@wiki::5/ 2007-03-14 2009-05-13T22:26:12Z

==comment plugin test (below) with wiki-mode== **comment plugin** is __creating comment-form with wiki.__ Example) **@@comment(below)@@** is ------- @@comment(below)@@